Objective To identify the latent profiles of discharge readiness among primary caregivers of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and to explore the influencing factors associated with profile membership. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted through convenience sampling from October 2024 to May 2025 at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Chongqing, China. The participants included 415 primary caregivers of pediatric CHD patients who had undergone surgical intervention. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that covered demographic characteristics, the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (Chinese version), the Caregiver Burden Inventory, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to distinguish distinct subgroups based on discharge readiness. Univariate and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the factors predictive of profile membership. Results Three latent profiles were identified: the high-capacity with sufficient resources group (33.01%), the moderate knowledge and ability group (45.06%), and the comprehensively weak group (21.93%). Mul-tivariate analysis indicated that family structure, perceived impact of pediatric hospitalization on family functioning, caregiver burden, and self-efficacy were significant factors influencing the latent profiles of discharge readiness (all P<0.05). Conclusion Discharge readiness among primary caregivers of CHD children exhibits significant heterogeneity. Healthcare providers should develop individualized intervention programs based on the characteristics and influencing factors of different profiles to enhance the level of discharge readiness.