Objective To systematically evaluate the real experiences, influencing factors, and coping strategies of occupational burnout among medical social workers, so as to provide evidence-based support for formulating localized intervention measures. Methods Computerized searches were conducted in Chinese and English databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP Database, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Qualitative studies on occupational burnout of medical social workers published from the establishment of each database to November, 2025 were collected. The literature was evaluated in accordance with the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research (2020), and the aggregative synthesis method was adopted to induce and synthesize the research results. Results A total of 14 studies were included, from which 64 findings were extracted, categorized into 8 groups, and further synthesized into three integrated themes:manifestations of burnout among medical social workers （emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment）; factors influencing burnout （work overload, role ambiguity, and lack of system support）; and coping strategies for burnout （cultivating individual resilience, building social support networks）. Conclusion Job burnout among medical social workers is the result of a combination of internal psychological distress and external structural factors. Establishing an integrated psychological and ethical support system, providing multi-level and full-process organizational support, and helping to reshape professional values can contribute to alleviating the level of job burnout among medical social workers.