Patients with neurogenic bladder often suffers from poor adherence to conventional rehabilitation approaches. Virtual reality technology, through immersive biofeedback gamified training, multimodal integration, and remote home-based models, has been demonstrated to improve urinary incontinence, enhance pelvic floor muscle strength, and elevate quality of life among patients with neurogenic bladder. This article summarizes the mechanisms, current clinical application status, and influencing factors of virtual reality technology, while also proposing future research directions. The aim is to provide a reference for the design and implementation of clinical rehabilitation programs based on virtual reality technology.