Objective To explore the dynamic trajectory of fear of cancer recurrence in patients with ovarian cancer at different time points during chemotherapy, and to analyze its influencing factors, thereby providing a reference for targeted prevention and reduction of fear of cancer recurrence in cancer patients. Methods A total of 184 postoperative ovarian cancer patients were enrolled, then they were investigated by using a general information questionnaire, the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire before chemotherapy and after the first, second, and third cycles of chemotherapy. Results The scores of fear of cancer recurrence at the four time points were 39.13±7.05, 35.79±6.27, 31.55±6.38, and 26.84±7.18, respectively.Patients′ age, monthly household income per capita, clinical stage, illness perception, level of social support, and coping style were significantly correlated with the level of fear of cancer recurrence （all P＜0.05）. Conclusion Fear of cancer recurrence in ovarian cancer patients shows a decreasing trend from the postoperative period to the completion of the third chemotherapy cycle.Patients′ fear of cancer recurrence is inf-luenced by multiple factors.In clinical practice, targeted interventions should be implemented according to the influencing factors, so as to decrease their fear of cancer recurrence.