Objective To develop a hemodialysis readiness scale adapted to Chinese cultural background, so as to provide a valid tool for evaluating hemodialysis readiness. Methods Based on Meleis′ Transition Theory, initial scale items were formulated through li-terature review, semi-structured interviews and Delphi method.A total of 30 hemodialysis patients were enrolled in the preliminary survey by convenience sampling, and another 536 patients were recruited for item analysis as well as reliability and validity tests. Results The final scale consisted of 3 dimensions including personal status, hemodialysis-related knowledge literacy, coping and support efficacy, with 23 items in total.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 73.079%.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the revised χ2/df=1.617, GFI=0.951, CFI=0.981, IFI=0.981, TLI=0.978, RMSEA=0.044.The Cronbach′s α coefficient of the total scale was 0.963, and the split-half reliability was 0.900. Conclusion The Hemodialysis Readiness Scale exhibits strong reliability and validity, which can be used as an effective tool to assess the readiness of hemodialysis patients.