From the perspective of nursing discipline, this paper examines the current status, influencing factors, challenges, countermeasures, and practical evolution of brain-computer interface (BCI) application in stroke rehabilitation. BCI has been extended to multiple rehabilitation scenarios, including motor function reconstruction, cognitive intervention, consciousness assessment, and communication assistance. Its clinical integration is driving profound changes in nursing practice at three levels: nursing assessment extends from behavioral observation to neural signal interpretation; nursing decision-making advances from executing medical orders to collaborative prescription; and nursing humanism evolves from bedside companionship to a new form of technology-humanism integration. In this process, nurses′ roles are expanding to technical coordinators, rehabilitation promoters, and interdisciplinary communication hubs. However, technical instability, individual variability, gaps in nursing knowledge and skills, and lagging ethical guidelines still constrain clinical translation. Therefore, the nursing discipline needs to proactively build an interdisciplinary knowledge system integrating neuroscience, rehabilitation therapy, and engineering principles, establish tiered training mechanisms and standardized clinical pathways, and actively participate in the formulation of ethical guidelines and technology policies, so as to play a leading role in standardizing BCI application and humanizing clinical integration.