Objective To investigate the current status of discharge readiness and the path of its influencing factors in patients undergoing gynecological day surgery, and to provide reference for formulating targeted nursing interventions to improve patients′ discharge readiness. Methods A total of 200 patients with gynecological day surgery were enrolled by convenience sampling. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the General Data Questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-ItemScale, the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale, and the Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale.Results The total score of discharge readiness among gynecological day surgery patients was (92.80±15.71). Social support, self-efficacy and quality of discharge teaching were positively correlated with discharge readiness, while anxiety was negatively correlated with discharge readiness (P<0.05 for all). The structural equation model showed good fitness: χ2/df=1.943,RMSER=0.069,GFI=0.977,CFI=0.991,IFI=0.991,TLI=0.977. Social support exerted a direct effect on discharge readiness (β=0.229), and also indirectly affected discharge readiness through self-efficacy, anxiety and quality of discharge teaching, with the indirect effect accounting for 69.95% of the total effect. Conclusion The discharge readiness of patients undergoing gynecological day surgery is at a moderately upper level. Medical staff should strengthen patients′ social support network, effectively manage patients′ anxiety, improve patients′ self-efficacy, and optimize the quality of discharge guidance, so as to comprehensively promote patients′ discharge readiness.