Objective To explore the current status of social participation among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) based on user persona methodology, and to provide evidence for developing precise and individualized social participation intervention strategies. Methods A descriptive qualitative design was adopted. Sixteen patients receiving MHD were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using content analysis. The four-step user profiling method was adopted to characterize the types of patients′ social participation user portraits. Results Four label dimensions of social participation among MHD patients were extracted: social interaction status, maintenance of social roles, disease-related physical and psychological experiences, and social support and resource dependence. A total of five types of user personas were constructed:social avoidance and inferiority type, self-management dependent type, emotionally closed and depressed type, workplace conflict anxiety type, and positive return and adaptation type. Conclusion There are significant differences in the level of social participation among maintenance hemodialysis patients. Clinical medical staff can formulate targeted hierarchical nursing intervention strategies based on user persona typologies, with the aim of improving patients′ social function and quality of life.