Objective To identify latent classes of night eating behavior among nurses in Jiangxi Province and explore their influencing factors, thereby providing evidence for dietary health management among nurses.Methods Using a combination of convenience sampling and stratified sampling, 7,081 nurses from 63 hospitals in Jiangxi Province were recruited. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Chinese version short-form Big Five Personality Inventory, and the Night Eating Behavior Scale. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify subgroups of night eating behavior, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with different latent classes. Results The mean score for night eating behavior among nurses in Jiangxi Province was 17.68±5.98. Two latent classes were identified: a high night eating behavior group (13.57%) and a low night eating behavior group (86.43%). Shift type, number of night shifts per month, perceived stress, and personality traits were significant factors associated with latent class membership of night eating behavior among nurses (all P<0.05). Conclusion Night eating behavior among nurses in Jiangxi Province exhibited substantial population heterogeneity. Personalized dietary management strategies should be developed for different latent classes to reduce health risks associated with night eating behavior among nurses.