Objective To analyze and clarify the conceptual connotations of health information avoidance in patients with chronic diseases, thereby providing a reference for accurate clinical assessment and the development of personalized health education strategies. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for articles related to health information avoidance among chronic disease patients. Walker and Avant′s concept analysis method was applied to comprehensively analyze the concept. Results A total of 36 articles were included. Health information avoidance among patients with chronic diseases was characterized by three defining attributes: perceived information threat, self-defensive intention, and multidimensional behavioral blocking. Antecedents included individual factors, information-related factors, and social factors. Consequences included impeded clinical diagnosis and treatment, impaired psychological well-being, deterioration in disease management, and increased healthcare burden. Measurement instruments identified for assessing this concept included the Information Avoidance Scale, Health Information Avoidance Scale, Risk Information Avoidance Measure, and Health Information Orientation Scale. Conclusion Research on health information avoidance among patients with chronic diseases can help healthcare professionals accurately identify the psychological defense mechanisms underlying patients′ apparent noncompliance. It also provides a theoretical foundation for developing targeted interventions, facilitating patients′ transition toward adaptive coping strategies, and improving the quality of chronic disease management.