To develop a Self-management Scale for Elderly Patients after Hip Fracture Surgery and to test its reliability and validity. Methods The item pool of the scale was formed after literature review and semi-structured interview, which was improved to form an initial scale by expert consultation and pilot investigation.Then 236 and 292 elderly patients after hip fracture surgery from two hospitals in Luohe city were respectively selected and investigated to test its reliability and validity. Results The final version of the scale consisted of 4 dimensions and 30 items.Four factors were identified through exploratory factor analysis, accounting for 63.943% of the total variance.Confirmatory factor analysis showed excellent goodness of fit indices for the four-factor structure (χ2/df=1.445, RMSEA=0.039, IFI=0.962, TLI=0.959, CFI=0.962).The content validity index of each item of the scale ranged from 0.824 to 1.000, and the overall content validity was 0.916.The Cronbach′s α coefficient of the total scale was 0.932, the split-half reliability was 0.971, and the test-retest reliability was 0.960. Conclusion The self-management scale for elderly patients after hip fracture surgery has good reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the self-management level of elderly patients after hip fracture surgery.